Reading Packet Notes

Arrangement - the organization of a piece

I. The Classical Model:
1> Introduction (ethos)
Introduce the reader to the subject under discussion
Draw attentions
2> Narration (logos, often appeals to pathos)
Provides factual info & background materials
Address the importance of the topic & why they do this
3> Confirmation (logos)
Major part of the text, including development or proof
Most specific & concrete detail in the text
4> Refutation (logos)
Bride the proof & conclusion
Analysis
5> Conclusion (appeals to pathos & reminds the reader of the ethos before)
Brings the essay to a satisfying close
Brings all the writer’s ideas together & answers the question

II. Patterns of Development:
1> Narration
Refers to tell a story or recount a series of events
Based on personal experience or knowledge gained from reading & observation
Writers often use this as a way to enter into their topics
2> Description
Closely allied with narration because both include many specific details
Emphasize the senses by painting a picture
Often used to establish a mood or atmosphere
3> Process Analysis
Explains how sth works, how to do sth, or how sth was done
Explain a subject clearly & logically, step by step
4> Exemplification
Providing a series of examples & turns a general idea into a concrete one
This makes your argument both clearer & more persuasive to a reader
Induction: a series of specific examples leads to a general conclusion
5> Comparison & Contrast
A common pattern of development
Subject-by-subject or point by point
6> Classification & Division
Sort material or ideas into major categories
Find a distinctive way of breaking down a larger idea or concept into parts
7> Definition
Often the first step in a debate or disagreement
The purpose of an entire essay is to establish a definition
8> Cause & Effect
The effects that result from a cause is a powerful foundation for argument
It’s important to carefully trace a chain of cause & effect & to recognize possible contributing causes